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Background: Spirometry-based assessment of pulmonary function has limitations in detecting pulmonary toxicity following cancer treatment with chemotherapy, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy or thoracic surgery. Nitrogen single and multiple breath washout tests are sensitive in assessing peripheral airway function, and lung imaging detects structural abnormalities, but little is known about their use in paediatric cancer patients and survivors. We aimed to 1) identify studies using nitrogen single or multiple breath washout tests and/or lung imaging to assess pulmonary toxicity in paediatric cancer patients and survivors, and 2) describe reported abnormalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for the treatment of severe COVID-19 in a 3-year-old child.
J Infect Dev Ctries
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
Introduction: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) is an effective antiviral drug for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults. However, Paxlovid treatment of children, especially those who are under 12 years and with severe underlying diseases, is rare.
Case Report: A three-year-old COVID-19 patient (weighing 14.
Maternal NO exposure and fetal growth restriction: Hypoxia transmission and lncRNAs-proinflammation-mediated abnormal hematopoiesis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2024
Department of Environment Science, College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal-based Emerging Pollutant Identification and Risk Control, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- Epidemiological studies indicate that air pollution, specifically nitrogen dioxide (NO), is linked to fetal growth restriction (FGR), particularly when exposure occurs during the second trimester.
- A retrospective analysis of nearly 29,000 newborns showed a positive correlation between maternal NO exposure and the risk of having small-for-gestational-age babies, with a specific odds ratio calculated.
- Animal studies further confirmed that maternal NO inhalation affects embryonic development and the hematopoietic system, with findings suggesting that this exposure leads to placental hypoxia, thereby activating certain biological pathways that contribute to FGR.
Effect of temporary storage of cryopreserved cellular therapy products at -80⁰ celsius on cell recovery and viability.
Transfus Apher Sci
December 2024
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Cellular therapy (CT) involving the transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) is a treatment modality for both benign and malignant disorders. All autologous products require cryopreservation while allogeneic product cryopreservation became more common during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Cells are stored in liquid nitrogen (LN) freezers which can malfunction and products may have to be temporarily stored in a mechanical -80 °C freezer if additional LN freezer space is not available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDepletion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in LP-BM5 murine retroviral infection has a positive impact on virus-induced host immunodeficiency.
Virology
December 2024
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
We have shown the induction of CD11bLy6C monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) during infection of B6 mice by LP-BM5 immunodeficiency-inducing retrovirus. We published that the molecular mechanisms of these M-MDSCs vary, and depend on the cell type targeted by the suppression -defined by use of biochemical inhibitors, mouse M-MDSCs knock-out strains and blocking antibodies. These M-MDSCs suppressed proliferation and function of T cells, via nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide; and that of B cells, ∼50% via INOS/NO along with the negative checkpoint regulator VISTA, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and other soluble mediators.
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