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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)

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Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.

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Background: Low-volume hypertonic solutions, such as half-molar lactate (LAC), may be a potential treatment used for fluid resuscitation. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of LAC infusion compared to sodium-matched hypertonic sodium chloride (SAL).

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