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Virulence and pathogenicity of group B : Virulence factors and their roles in perinatal infection.
Virulence
December 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
This review summarizes key virulence factors associated with group B (GBS), a significant pathogen particularly affecting pregnant women, fetuses, and infants. Beginning with an introduction to the historical transition of GBS from a zoonotic pathogen to a prominent cause of human infections, particularly in the perinatal period, the review describes major disease manifestations caused by GBS, including sepsis, meningitis, chorioamnionitis, pneumonia, and others, linking each to specific virulence mechanisms. A detailed exploration of the genetic basis for GBS pathogenicity follows, emphasizing the roles of capsules in pathogenesis and immune evasion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeavy gravity combined with light gravity local anesthetic in subarachnoid anesthesia for cesarean section did not reduce the incidence of intraoperative hypotension in maternal women: a prospective cohort study.
BMC Anesthesiol
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
Background: Subarachnoid anesthesia is the primary anesthetic method for elective cesarean section surgery, characterized by rapidly taking effect and reliable analgesia. However, subarachnoid anesthesia is prone to cause a high block level, resulting in a high incidence of maternal hypotension. How to reduce the incidence of maternal hypotension under subarachnoid anesthesia is a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently in clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteractions of the Pneumococcus with the Central Nervous System: Postnatal Meningitis Versus Fetal Neurodevelopment.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
January 2025
Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
In young children, pneumococcal meningitis epitomizes the paradigm of a destructive innate inflammatory response in the central nervous system: a five-alarm fire. In contrast, cell-free bacterial components reaching the fetal brain from an infected mother signal a quiet, noninflammatory immune response that drives abnormal neurodevelopment, changing brain architecture through neuroproliferation. This review addresses the difference between prenatal and postnatal bacterial-host signaling within the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPostdural puncture headache: Beyond the evidence.
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol
September 2024
Yale Medicine/Yale New Haven Health System, USA. Electronic address:
Despite advances in procedural techniques and equipment, postdural puncture headache (PDPH) remains a serious complication of labour epidural analgesia after accidental dural puncture (ADP). Often considered a temporary inconvenience, PDPH can be debilitating in the short term. It can also be associated with chronic manifestations and serious complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPneumonia Vaccines: Indications for Use and Current Safety Data in Pregnancy.
Am J Perinatol
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and invasive pneumococcal disease among adults in the United States, with higher rates of disease occurring among individuals with chronic medical and immunocompromising conditions. Pregnant individuals, especially those with comorbid conditions, are also at increased risk of infection due to due to physiological and immunologic changes in pregnancy. Vaccination against pneumococcus is recommended for adults living with HIV aged 19 to 49, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, asplenia, chronic renal failure, sickle cell disease, alcohol abuse, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathies, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease, and diabetes mellitus.
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