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Rationale: Airflow obstruction refractory to β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists is an important clinical feature of infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, with limited treatment options. This resistance is often linked to poor drug delivery and potential viral infection of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Whether RSV inflammation causes β2AR desensitization in infant ASMCs is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Hosp Med (Lond)
December 2024
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the standard method for sampling mediastinal/hilar lymph node disease. However, the smaller samples obtained via needle aspiration have a lower diagnostic rate for benign compared to malignant diseases. The low diagnostic rates have been reported to be improved through using endobronchial ultrasound-guided intranodal forceps biopsy (EBUS-IFB), but the implementation of IFB presents technical challenges, as described with variable results in certain studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
January 2025
Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Starship Children's Hospital, 2 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
Objective: Aspirated foreign bodies (FB) are potentially life-threatening conditions which can be challenging to diagnose in children. The previous similar study from our hospital, published in 2014, created a guideline suggesting when to proceed to laryngobronchoscopy (LB) in suspected FB aspiration with over 99 % sensitivity. The grading system included the presence or absence of acute history, positive examination, and/or radiological findings, including witnessed choking, dysphonia, stridor, wheezing, or reduced air entry on examination or abnormal radiological findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pediatr
January 2025
Department of Pulmonology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Machang compus, 225 Machang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300074, China.
Background: Foreign body inhalation is rare in older children, often leading to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Most cases involve a single foreign body, but instances of multiple foreign bodies are exceedingly uncommon. This report presents a case of an elder child who inhaled two pen caps, emphasizing the need for clinical vigilance and thorough medical history collection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIDCases
December 2024
Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The Military Hospital of Instruction of Tunis, Tunisia.
Hydatid disease is endemic in Tunisia. Whereas uncomplicated pulmonary hydatid cysts are easily diagnosed on radiological findings, complicated and atypical forms may be misdiagnosed and confused with other pulmonary lesions, mainly lung malignancies. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman, who presented with a 3-month history of hemoptysis.
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