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Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Chronic Pain and Alzheimer's Disease-A Review.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol
February 2025
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China.
The coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic pain (CP) in the elderly population has been extensively documented, and a growing body of evidence supports the potential interconnections between these two conditions. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms by which CP may contribute to the development and progression of AD, with a particular focus on neuroinflammatory pathways and the role of microglia, as well as the activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The review proposes that prolonged pain processing in critical brain regions can dysregulate the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome within microglia, leading to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and excessive oxidative stress in these regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization and comparison of fecal microbiota in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and age-matched controls.
J Vet Intern Med
January 2025
School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
Background: Altered gut microbiota has been associated with dopaminergic degenerative diseases in people, but studies on horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) are lacking.
Hypothesis/objectives: Investigate the effect of PPID on fecal microbiota in horses.
Animals: Nine horses with PPID and 13 age-matched control horses.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Native American Population.
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Native Americans are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease in comparison with other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Previous research has analyzed risk factors, quantified prevalence rates, and examined outcomes of cardiovascular disease in Native Americans, yet few studies have considered the role of societal and psychological factors on the increased burden of cardiovascular disease in Native Americans. Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including poor nutrition, reduced physical activity, obesity, and increased substance use, are exacerbated in Native American communities due to cultural and historical factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of Hypothalamus in Acupuncture's Effects.
Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
The significant correlation between ancient medicinal practices and brain function marks a revolutionary frontier in the field of neuroscience. Acupuncture, a traditional oriental medicine, can affect brain regions, such as the hypothalamus, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and hippocampus, and produces specific therapeutic effects, such as pain relief, suppression of hypertension, and alleviation of drug addiction. Among the brain regions, the hypothalamus, a small yet critical region in the brain, plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating a wide array of physiological processes, including stress responses, energy balance, and pain modulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortisol Imbalance and Fear Learning in PTSD: Therapeutic Approaches to Control Abnormal Fear Responses.
Curr Neuropharmacol
January 2025
Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is mainly characterized by dysregulated fear re- sponses, including hyperarousal and intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic memories. This work delves into the intricate interplay between abnormal fear responses, cortisol dysregulation, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, elucidating their role in the manifestation of PTSD. Giv- en the persistent nature of PTSD symptoms and the limitations of conventional therapies, innovative interventions are urgently needed.
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