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Extended Treatment Duration of Artemether-Lumefantrine in Ugandan Children with HIV on Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Trial.
J Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Malaria and HIV co-infection are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa causing significant drug interactions with co-treatment. We previously reported a 30%-70% reduction in exposure to the standard 3-day (6-dose) artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment for malaria when given with efavirenz-based HIV therapy, impacting malaria reinfection risk. We conducted a prospective, randomized study comparing the 3-day regimen to an extended 5-day (10-dose) regimen with pharmacokinetic sampling for artemether, dihydroartemisinin, lumefantrine, and desbutyl-lumefantrine (DBL) over 42 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFControllable Nano-Crystallization in Fluoroborosilicate Glass Ceramics for Broadband Visible Photoluminescence.
Nanomaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
A transparent fluoroborosilicate glass ceramic was designed for the controllable precipitation of fluoride nanocrystals and to greatly enhance the photoluminescence of active ions. Through the introduction of BO into fluorosilicate glass, the melting temperature was decreased from 1400 to 1050 °C, and the abnormal crystallization in the fabrication process of fluorosilicate glass was avoided. More importantly, the controlled crystallizations of KZnF and KYbF in fluoroborosilicate glass ceramics enhanced the emission of Mn and Mn-Yb dimers by 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanistic insights into HPV-positivity in non-smokers and HPV-negativity in smokers with head and neck cancer.
Front Oncol
January 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Introduction: Several aspects of the involvement of HPV in the pathogenesis of HPV-associated diseases remain poorly understood including mechanistic aspects of infection and the question of why the majority of HPV-positive HNSCC-patients are non-smokers, whereas HPV-negatives are smokers. Our previous research, based on 1,100 patient samples, hypothesized an explanation for this phenomenon: Smoking induces upregulation of a mucosal protective protein (SLPI), which competes with HPV for binding to Annexin A2 (AnxA2), pivotal for HPV cell entry. Here we investigate the mechanistic aspects of our hypothesis using transfection assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-World Outcomes of Pralsetinib in RET Fusion-Positive NSCLC.
JTO Clin Res Rep
January 2025
Institut Curie, Institut du Thorax, Paris, France.
Introduction: Pralsetinib is a RET inhibitor found to have antitumor activity in advanced, metastatic, fusion-positive NSCLC.
Objective: To assess real-world efficacy of pralsetinib and treatment sequences in patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC.
Design: Retrospective study of consecutive patients enrolled in the French expanded-access program for pralsetinib from December 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021.
Synthetic data in generalizable, learning-based neuroimaging.
Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
November 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Synthetic data have emerged as an attractive option for developing machine-learning methods in human neuroimaging, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-a modality where image contrast depends enormously on acquisition hardware and parameters. This retrospective paper reviews a family of recently proposed methods, based on synthetic data, for generalizable machine learning in brain MRI analysis. Central to this framework is the concept of domain randomization, which involves training neural networks on a vastly diverse array of synthetically generated images with random contrast properties.
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