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Divergent transcriptional states and kinetics of circulating tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte repertoires with highly homologous T-cell receptor sequences in a patient during immunotherapy.
J Immunother Cancer
January 2025
Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
Evidence has shown that T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize the same epitopes may not be the exact TCR clonotypes but have slightly different TCR sequences. However, the changes in the genomic and transcriptomic signatures of these highly homologous T cells during immunotherapy remain unknown. Here, we examined the evolutionary features in circulating TCR clonotypes observed in tumors (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-TCRs) by combining single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing of longitudinal blood samples and TCR sequencing of tumor tissue from a patient treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4/programmed cell death protein-1 therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantum chemical study of molecular properties of small branched-chain amino acids in water.
Amino Acids
January 2025
Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril and Methodius, 91701, Trnava, Slovakia.
Four aliphatic amino acids-α-aminobutyric acid (AABA), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), α-aminoisobutyric acid (AAIBA) and β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) were investigated in water as a solvent by two quantum chemical methods. B3LYP hybrid version of DFT was used for geometry optimization and a full vibrational analysis of neutral molecules, their cations and anions in the canonical and zwitterionic forms (6 forms for each species). Ab initio DLPNO-CCSD(T) method was applied in the geometry pre-optimized by B3LYP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalting quality of barley is a complex characteristic, which is influenced by a combination of interacting traits that are regulated by various genetic and environmental factors. The activities of various enzymes play pivotal roles in determining the malting quality, as they drive the biochemical processes responsible for converting barley saccharides and proteins into fermentable sugars and amino acids during the malting process. In this study, 14 malting barley cultivars were used to investigate the relationship between enzyme activities and malting quality traits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmyloid-β-driven synaptic deficits are mediated by synaptic removal of GluA3-containing AMPA-receptors.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The detrimental effects of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) on synapses are considered the leading cause for cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. However, through which mechanism Aβ oligomers impair synaptic structure and function remains unknown. Here, we used electrophysiology and AMPA-receptor (AMPAR) imaging on mice and rat neurons to demonstrate that GluA3 expression in neurons lacking GluA3 is sufficient to re-sensitize their synapses to the damaging effects of Aβ, indicating that GluA3-containing AMPARs at synapses are necessary and sufficient for Aβ to induce synaptic deficits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPulsed Electric Field Pretreatment Enhances the Enzyme Hydrolysis of Baker's Yeast.
Microorganisms
December 2024
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Baker's yeast is a key starting material for producing extracts with diverse compositions and applications. This study investigates the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment, which induces irreversible electropermeabilization, on the enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast. Cell suspensions were exposed to monopolar rectangular pulses in a continuous flow system followed by 4 h of incubation with Alcalase at concentrations of 0.
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