The arrival of new cephalosporins faces the clinician with an evergrowing confusion as to the drug of choice. The older agents (cephalexin, cephradine, cefadroxil and cefaclor) and the newer formulations cefatrizine and cefuroxime axetil are intensively used for treatment of mild and moderate infections. The oldest agents have a better pharmacokinetic profile but are less active against Gram-positives and Gram-negatives. Cefaclor, cefatrizine and cefuroxime axetil have improved in vitro activity against H. influenzae and/or against S. aureus and M. catarrhalis. However the mean free serum concentrations after proposed standard daily doses of cefaclor (3 x 250 mg/d), cefatrizine (2 x 500 mg/d) and cefuroxime-axetil (2 x 250 mg/d) are lower than those of the older cephalosporins. In comparison amoxicillin-clavulanate is equally efficacious, has a more reliable pharmacokinetic profile and is less expensive than cefaclor and cefuroxime axetil in a comparable dose (e.g. 3 x 500 mg/d).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1992.11718259 | DOI Listing |
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, D-30625, Hannover, Germany.
J Infect Dev Ctries
September 2024
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus.
Pharmaceutics
October 2024
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
Low oral bioavailability is a common feature in most drugs, including antibiotics, due to low solubility in physiological media and inadequate cell permeability, which may limit their efficacy or restrict their administration in a clinical setting. Cefuroxime is usually administered in its prodrug form, cefuroxime axetil. However, its preparation requires further reaction steps and additional metabolic pathways to be converted into its active form.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
October 2024
Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625, Germany.
Rising bacterial resistance is a global threat, causing rising financial burdens on healthcare systems and endangering effective treatment of bacterial infections. To ensure the efficacy of antibacterial drugs, it is essential to identify the most dangerous pathogens and vulnerable antibacterial drugs. Previous research by our group suggested irrational outpatient prescribing practices in Germany, supporting a growing bacterial resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
September 2024
Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
Previous research from our group revealed a strong association between daily defined dose (DDD)-costs and -prescriptions of antibacterial drugs in Germany ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
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