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Vitamin B2 Operates by Dual Thermodynamic and Kinetic Mechanisms to Selectively Tailor Urate Crystallization.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
Here we demonstrate how a biologically relevant molecule, riboflavin (vitamin B2), operates by a dual mode of action to effectively control crystallization of ammonium urate (NHHU), which is associated with cetacean kidney stones. In situ microfluidics and atomic force microscopy experiments confirm a strong interaction between riboflavin and NHHU crystal surfaces that substantially inhibits layer nucleation and spreading by kinetic mechanisms of step pinning and kink blocking. Riboflavin does not alter the distribution of tautomeric urate isomers, but its adsorption on NHHU crystal surfaces does interfere with the effects of minor urate tautomer by limiting its ability to induce NHHU crystal defects while also suppressing NHHU nucleation and inhibiting crystal growth by 80% at an uncharacteristically low modifier concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRiboflavin-ultraviolet-A collagen crosslinking treatments in improving dentin bonding and resistance to enzymatic digestion.
J Dent Sci
January 2025
School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Background/purpose: The efficacy of riboflavin-ultraviolet-A (RF-UVA) treatment in crosslinking collagen and improving dentin bonding has been proven. However, biodegradation of the hybrid layer may compromise the bonding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different RF-UVA treatments regarding their ability to preserve dentin bonding from enzymatic digestion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRiboflavin- and Hypericin-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as Alternative Treatments for Oral Candidiasis: A Systematic Review.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Oral candidiasis, predominantly caused by , presents significant challenges in treatment due to increasing antifungal resistance and biofilm formation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using natural photosensitizers like riboflavin and hypericin offers a potential alternative to conventional antifungal therapies. : A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of riboflavin- and hypericin-mediated aPDT in reducing Candida infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEtodolac Single Dose Metabolic Profile Elucidation: Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Events in Healthy Volunteers.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University-USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil.
Background/objectives: This study investigates the metabolic profile of a single dose of etodolac in healthy volunteers, focusing on pharmacokinetics, clinical parameters, and metabolomic variations to identify biomarkers and pathways linked to drug response, efficacy, and safety.
Methods: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers, enrolled after rigorous health assessments, received a single dose of etodolac (Flancox 500 mg). Pharmacokinetic profiles were determined using tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and the metabolomic profiling was conducted using baseline samples (pre-dose) and samples at maximum drug concentration (post-dose) via liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
Broad substrate scope C-C oxidation in cyclodipeptides catalysed by a flavin-dependent filament.
Nat Commun
January 2025
University of St Andrews, School of Biology, North Haugh, Biomolecular Sciences Building, St Andrews, UK.
Cyclic dipeptides are produced by organisms across all domains of life, with many exhibiting anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Oxidations are often key to their biological activities, particularly C-C bond oxidation catalysed by tailoring enzymes including cyclodipeptide oxidases. These flavin-dependent enzymes are underexplored due to their intricate three-dimensional arrangement involving multiple copies of two distinct small subunits, and mechanistic details underlying substrate selection and catalysis are lacking.
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