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Hydroxychloroquine: balancing the need to maintain therapeutic levels with ocular safety: an update.
Curr Opin Rheumatol
May 2018
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine.
Purpose Of Review: Antimalarial drugs including chloroquine, its less toxic quinolone-derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and quinacrine have become cornerstones in the treatment of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and Sjogren syndrome; cutaneous disorders, antiphospholipid syndrome, and have recently been employed at higher dioses in oncology. Benefits include anti-inflammatory effects, protection against thrombosis, and improved control of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In general, both the therapeutic advantages and the toxic effects of the drugs correlate with the dose and the duration of therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRepurposing the anti-malarial drug, quinacrine: new anti-colitis properties.
Oncotarget
August 2016
Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in 8-10 years after disease onset. Current colitis treatment strategies do not offer a cure for the disease, but only treat the symptoms with limited success and dangerous side-effects. Also, there is no preventive treatment for either UC or colorectal cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTLR7/9 antagonists as therapeutics for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders.
Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets
December 2007
Department of Immunology, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
There is an increasing interest in ligands of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLR), especially TLR7 and TLR9, for pharmacological intervention in various diseases. The TLR7 agonist imiquimod is currently used as a topical treatment for genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) TLR9 agonists are currently in clinical trials for use in lung cancer, as anti-viral therapy, as adjuvants and as immune modulators in asthma and allergies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuinacrine inhibits the epidermal dendritic cell migration initiating T cell-mediated skin inflammation.
Eur J Immunol
August 2007
Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195-0001, USA.
Quinacrine (QC) is an anti-inflammatory drug that has been used for the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid diseases. The mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of QC remains poorly understood. We recently reported the QC-mediated inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway using an in vitro model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Macrophages play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a disease characterized by the successive accumulation of leukocytes resulting in subsequent destruction of affected joints. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is essential for many physiological as well as many pathological events owing to the essential role of MMP in cell migration.
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