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Late onset of biliobronchial fistula - a serious complication of hemihepatectomy for atrophic liver with hepatolithiasis: a case report and review of the literature.

J Cardiothorac Surg

December 2024

Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.

Background: Acquired bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare but life-threatening complication that can occur as a result of oncological processes, inflammatory reactions, parasite infections, thoracoabdominal trauma, or invasive procedures associated with iatrogenic injury. However, the potential etiology of BBF caused by instrumental issues when using ultrasonic scalpels resulting in diathermy burn and its post-burn effects has never been reported.

Case Presentation: Herein, we present a case of a 65-year-old woman who developed BBF one month after hepatectomy and presented with refractory irritating cough accompanied by yellow bitter sputum.

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Article Synopsis
  • Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare condition in adults that connects the bronchial system and biliary tract, often resulting from trauma, infections, or surgical complications.
  • The case presented involves a 58-year-old man who developed BBF after liver hydatid cyst surgery, leading to acute breathing issues and requiring multiple diagnostic procedures before surgery.
  • Surgical treatment posed significant challenges for anesthetic management due to factors like potential sepsis and lung isolation difficulties, necessitating a team approach for postoperative care, including respiratory support and antibiotic treatment.
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Acquired bronchobiliary fistula (ABBF) is very rare among the complications that occur in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after treatment. Although surgery and drainage have been the main methods for treating ABBF for a long time, they are not entirely suitable for patients with refractory ABBF resulting from HCC therapy. In this study, we present four cases of ABBF caused by HCC treatment, who were treated using selective bronchial occlusion (SBO).

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Introduction: Bronchobiliary fistulas are rare and difficult to treat. Peacock first reported this entity in 1850 while treating a patient with hepatic encopresis.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old Chinese male patient presented to the outpatient clinic with a complaint of coughing up phlegm with chest tightness for 4 days with symptoms of intermittent bilirubin sputum with a sputum volume of about 500 ml per day but no symptoms of abdominal pain or jaundice and no yellow urine or steatorrhea.

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Bronchobiliary fistulas are defined as an abnormal communication between the biliary system and the bronchial tree. They are extremely rare complications of radiofrequency or microwave ablation. A 39-year-old woman with a history of neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinoma suffering from liver metastasis was treated with microwave ablation (MWA).

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