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Characteristic differences in radiation-induced DNA damage response in human papillomavirus-negative and human papillomavirus-positive head and neck cancers with accumulation of fractional radiation dose.
Head Neck
October 2021
Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Background: Superior treatment responses by patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), compared to patients with HNSCC from other causes, drive biomarker research to optimize treatment. Most HNSCC patients receive radiation therapy delivered as a fractionated course. Changing HPV status in HNSCC from a positive prognostic marker to a predictive one requires biomarkers that capture cellular radiation response to cumulative dose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdult-born hippocampal neurons promote cognitive flexibility in mice.
Hippocampus
September 2012
Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
The hippocampus is involved in segregating memories, an ability that utilizes the neural process of pattern separation and allows for cognitive flexibility. We evaluated a proposed role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive flexibility using variants of the active place avoidance task and two independent methods of ablating adult-born neurons, focal X-irradiation of the hippocampus, and genetic ablation of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive neural progenitor cells, in mice. We found that ablation of adult neurogenesis did not impair the ability to learn the initial location of a shock zone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTesting the gonadal regression-cytoprotection hypothesis.
Cancer Res
November 1998
Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Germinal damage is an almost universal accompaniment of cancer treatment as the result of bystander damage to the testis from cytotoxic drugs and/or irradiation. Cancer treatment for the most common cancers of the reproductive age group in men has improved such that most are now treated with curative intent, and many others are treated with likelihood of prolonged survival, so that the preservation of fertility is an important component of posttreatment quality of life. This has led to the consideration of developing adjuvant treatments that may reduce the gonadal toxicity of cancer therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolation of mammalian cell mutants that are X-ray sensitive, impaired in DNA double-strand break repair and defective for V(D)J recombination.
Mutat Res
May 1995
Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
The Chinese hamster lung V79-4 cell line was infected with a Moloney murine leukemia retrovirus and the infected cells were subsequently screened for mutants that were sensitive to X-rays using a toothpicking/96-well replica plating technique. Four independent mutants that were sensitive to X-irradiation (sxi-1 to sxi-4) were isolated from 9000 retrovirally infected colonies. A pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assay demonstrated that all of the sxi mutants were impaired in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, thus providing a molecular explanation for the observed X-ray sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnti-tumor effects of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor, alone or in combination with local irradiation, in mice inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells.
Int J Cancer
January 1991
Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.
Recombinant human (rhu) macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was evaluated for efficacy, either alone or in combination with local X-irradiation (LR), in mice inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells.
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