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Cell-free assays reveal that the HIV-1 capsid protects reverse transcripts from cGAS immune sensing.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
Retroviruses can be detected by the innate immune sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which recognizes reverse-transcribed DNA and activates an antiviral response. However, the extent to which HIV-1 shields its genome from cGAS recognition remains unclear. To study this process in mechanistic detail, we reconstituted reverse transcription, genome release, and innate immune sensing of HIV-1 in a cell-free system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredicting rapid progression in knee osteoarthritis: a novel and interpretable automated machine learning approach, with specific focus on young patients and early disease.
Ann Rheum Dis
January 2025
Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Objectives: To facilitate the stratification of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) for new treatment development and clinical trial recruitment, we created an automated machine learning (autoML) tool predicting the rapid progression of knee OA over a 2-year period.
Methods: We developed autoML models integrating clinical, biochemical, X-ray and MRI data. Using two data sets within the OA Initiative-the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health OA Biomarker Consortium for training and hold-out validation, and the Pivotal Osteoarthritis Initiative MRI Analyses study for external validation-we employed two distinct definitions of clinical outcomes: Multiclass (categorising OA progression into pain and/or radiographic) and binary.
The p16 Immunostaining Predicts the Risk of Recurrence in Prostate Cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
January 2025
Postgraduate Program in Oncology, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Ceará Cancer Institute (ICC), Brazil.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of p16 immunohistochemical expression on the biochemical recurrence rate of pT2-pT3 prostate cancer.
Materials And Methods: A total of 488 pT2-pT3 stage prostate adenocarcinomas undergoing radical prostatectomy were included in this study. Following a review of Gleason classification and retrieval of sociodemographic and clinicopathological data, as well as the date of last consultation and biochemical recurrence, immunohistochemistry for p16 was performed.
Anti-cystitis glandularis action exerted by glycyrrhetinic acid: bioinformatics analysis and molecular validation.
Mol Divers
January 2025
Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
Cystitis glandularis (CG) is a chronic hyperplastic disorder of the bladder, and the available clinical drug therapy is insufficient currently. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a bioactive compound extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra, is found with beneficial actions, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. We previously reported that GA relieves CG symptoms in animal model, implying the potential application of GA to treat CG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreoperative predictive indicators for resolution of hypertension in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism: development of a nomogram model.
Langenbecks Arch Surg
January 2025
Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the leading surgically treatable cause of hypertension, with adrenalectomy as the definitive treatment for unilateral PA (UPA). However, some patients have persistent hypertension after surgery. This study aims to identify preoperative factors affecting surgical outcomes and develop a predictive model for postoperative hypertension resolution.
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