Developmental changes in the activities of bacterial nitrate reductase, nitroreductase and beta-glucuronidase and their response to fermentable dietary fibre, were investigated in caecal contents from suckling mice (2-week-old) and in mice aged 4-24 weeks fed either a purified fibre-free diet or that diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) pectin. There was no apparent age-related trend common to the three enzymes studied. Nitrate reductase activity in the mice fed the fibre-free diet did not markedly alter with age. Pectin administration, however, was associated with a significant increase in nitrate reductase activity, particularly in 4-week-old mice. Nitroreductase activity exhibited an overall upward trend in mice from 2 to 12 weeks and thereafter decreased. Caecal beta-glucuronidase activity in mice increased sharply between 2 weeks and 4 weeks of age, thereafter not changing significantly until the 24th week. Pectin feeding had no consistent effect on activities either of nitroreductase or beta-glucuronidase. The changes in enzyme activities with age were not related to the concentration of bacteria in the caecum, which was highest in the 2-week-old mice. We conclude that the weaning is a period in which marked changes in caecal bacterial enzyme activities can occur.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01704.x | DOI Listing |
Front Plant Sci
December 2024
School of Hydraulic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, China.
Water-saving irrigation and the mixed application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) and common urea (CU; with a higher nitrogen release rate) have shown promise in improving rice yield with high resource use efficiency. However, the physiological mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unknown. This study involved a field experiment on rice in Jingzhou City, Central China, in 2020 and 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
December 2024
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming 650201, China.
Quinoa () is an Andean allotetraploid pseudocereal crop with higher protein content and balanced amino acid composition in the seeds. Ammonium (NH), a direct source of organic nitrogen assimilation, mainly transported by specific transmembrane ammonium transporters (), plays important roles in the development, yield, and quality of crops. Many and their functions have been identified in major crops; however, no systematic analyses of and their regulatory networks, which is important to increase the yield and protein accumulation in the seeds of quinoa, have been performed to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Cactus pear ( (L.) Mill.) is an important agricultural crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species used as a source of food, forage, fodder, and secondary products and as a biofuel feedstock.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostics (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico.
Infective endocarditis (IE) most commonly results from infections by Gram-positive bacteria, and, in this condition, the redox homeostasis is lost due to the overproduction of HO, leading to the overstimulation of the immune system and the upregulation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative biomarkers and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in subjects with IE. The study included three cases with IE that had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery that was complicated by IE, comparing them with subjects with AVR without IE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
January 2025
Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
Background: Nitrogen (N) deposition has become a major driving factor affecting the balance of terrestrial ecosystems, changing the soil environment, element balance and species coexistence relationships, driving changes in biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function. Human-induced nitrogen input leads to a high NH/ NO ratio in soil. However, relatively few studies have investigated the effects of different nitrogen sources on forest plant-microbial symbionts.
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