The human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 enhancer-promoter has been shown to be active in human fibroblasts with a deletion on the short arm of one chromosome 11 (karyotype 46,del(11)(p11.11p15.1)) but is virtually inactive in diploid human fibroblasts (Smits, Smits, Jebbink, and ter Schegget, 1990b, Virology, 176, 158-165). In diploid human embryonic fibroblasts, activation of the HPV16 enhancer-promoter could be achieved by expression of the SV40 small t. By cotransfecting SV40 small t cDNA together with HPV16 DNA into diploid cells, it was possible to increase the transforming activity of HPV16 by 10- 15-fold. Furthermore, SV40 small t was essential for the SV40 large T-induced morphological transformation of human diploid fibroblasts, whereas SV40 small t was dispensable for transformation of del-11 cells. We propose that, as a result of the deletion of loci on the short arm of chromosome 11 in del-11 cells, functions are expressed that mimic those of SV40 small t in transformation and trans-activation.
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