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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(16)37699-2 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Division of Biological Sciences, US Fish and Wildlife Southwest Regional Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
There is growing interest in using deep learning models to automate wildlife detection in aerial imaging surveys to increase efficiency, but human-generated annotations remain necessary for model training. However, even skilled observers may diverge in interpreting aerial imagery of complex environments, which may result in downstream instability of models. In this study, we present a framework for assessing annotation reliability by calculating agreement metrics for individual observers against an aggregated set of annotations generated by clustering multiple observers' observations and selecting the mode classification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ
January 2025
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Laboratório de Genética e Evolução Molecular, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Sea turtles are highly migratory and predominantly inhabit oceanic environments, which poses significant challenges to the study of their life cycles. Research has traditionally focused on nesting females, utilizing nest counts and mark-recapture methods, while male behavior remains understudied. To address this gap, previous studies have analyzed the genotypes of females and hatchlings to indirectly infer male genotypes and evaluate the extent of multiple paternity within populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Med
March 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells undergoing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) are a key factor in promoting the progression of subretinal fibrosis. The klotho protein and gene exert anti‑fibrotic effects in multiple fibrotic diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in the role of klotho are unclear in subretinal fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
January 2025
BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk of groups of species and reflects trends in this through time. It is calculated from the number of species in each category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with trends influenced by the number moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status. The global RLI is aggregated across multiple taxonomic groups and can be disaggregated to show trends for subsets of species (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Virol
January 2025
National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
Migratory water birds are considered to be carriers of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs). In Japan, mallards are often observed during winter, and HPAIV-infected mallards often shed viruses asymptomatically. In this study, we focused on mallards as potential carriers of HPAIVs and investigated whether individual wild mallards are repeatedly infected with HPAIVs and act as HPAIV carriers multiple times within a season.
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