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GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis in .
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Legumes have the capability to form nodules that facilitate symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) with rhizobia. Given the substantial energy consumption during the process of SNF, legumes need to optimize nodule number in response to everchanging environmental scenarios. The TGACG BINDING FACTOR1/4 (TGA1/4) are key players in the basal immune response of plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn the production of singlet oxygen by the isoalloxazine ring in free and protein-bound flavin cofactors.
Biophys Chem
January 2025
Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia. Electronic address:
Flavin cofactors, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), as a part of flavoenzymes play a critical role in the catalysis of multiple reactions predominantly of a redox nature. Question arises why nature developed two very similar cofactors with an identical functional part - isoalloxazine ring. We believe that an answer is related to the fact that the isoalloxazine ring belongs to endogenous photosensitizers able to produce reactive and potentially harmful singlet oxygen, O, with high efficiency, Φ ∼ 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of the metabolites of nimbolide in rat by liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry.
Biomed Chromatogr
December 2024
Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, China.
Nimbolide is a major furanoid compound isolated from Azadirachta indica. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolites of nimbolide in rats and to propose the metabolic pathways. The metabolites were generated by incubating nimbolide (10 μM) with rat liver microsomes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and nucleophiles (glutathione [GSH] or N-acetyl-lysine [NAL]) at 37°C for 60 min.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImprovement of substrate specificity of the direct electron transfer type FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase catalytic subunit.
J Biotechnol
November 2024
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The heterotrimeric glucose dehydrogenase (BcGDH) from Burkholderia cepacia has a unique ability to directly transfer electrons to electrodes but struggles with activity towards both glucose and galactose.
- To improve its substrate specificity, researchers used the crystal structure of BcGDH's subunits to perform site-directed mutagenesis, targeting specific residues that affect its performance.
- The newly engineered mutant, α-G322Q-N474S-N475S, demonstrated over a 2-fold increase in glucose activity while significantly reducing galactose activity, achieving much greater specificity for glucose compared to the wild type enzyme.
6-Gingerol improves lipid metabolism disorders in skeletal muscle by regulating AdipoR1/AMPK signaling pathway.
Biomed Pharmacother
November 2024
Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:
Background: To delve into the precise mechanisms by which 6-gingerol ameliorates lipid metabolism disorders in skeletal muscle.
Methods: The level of triglycerides (TG) was used to evaluate lipid deposition. In skeletal muscle, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology.
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