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The impact of diet-induced maternal obesity on offspring airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in a diversity outbred mouse model that mirrors human genetic diversity. Female mice were started on high-fat or regular diet 8 weeks before breeding and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, all offspring were fed a regular diet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuregulin 1 improved gastric motility and reduced gastric inflammation by activating the α7nAChR through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in diabetic rats.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
December 2024
Library of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China.
Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP), a prevalent complication of diabetes, is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and inflammation. The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) plays a crucial role in modulating gastric function via the vagus nerve. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), which is present in the DMV and influences the autonomic nervous system, has an unclear role in DGP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut-brain axis and environmental factors in Parkinson's disease: bidirectional link between disease onset and progression.
Neural Regen Res
December 2024
Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
Parkinson's disease has long been considered a disorder that primarily affects the brain, as it is defined by the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the brain accumulation of Lewy bodies containing alpha-synuclein protein. In recent decades, however, accumulating research has revealed that Parkinson's disease also involves the gut and uncovered an intimate and important bidirectional link between the brain and the gut, called the "gut-brain axis." Numerous clinical studies demonstrate that gut dysfunction frequently precedes motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients, with findings including impaired intestinal permeability, heightened inflammation, and distinct gut microbiome profiles and metabolites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe unique role of fluoxetine in alleviating depression and anxiety by regulating gut microbiota and the expression of vagus nerve-mediated serotonin and melanocortin-4 receptors.
Biomed Pharmacother
January 2025
School of Pharmacy and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used for depression, but its potential effects on gut microbiota regulation and vagus nerve-mediated serotonin receptor expression have not been well studied. We investigated changes in the gut microbiome regulated by fluoxetine and vagus nerve-mediated expression of several serotonin (5-HT) receptor types associated with anxiety and depression. Oral administration of fluoxetine alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive and anxiety behaviors, increased 5-HT1A, 2 C, and melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor expression, and the composition of Lactobacillus in mice's gut microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsulin activates parasympathetic hepatic-related neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus through mTOR signaling.
J Neurophysiol
January 2025
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States.
Integration of autonomic and metabolic regulation, including hepatic function, is a critical role played by the brain's hypothalamic region. Specifically, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) regulates autonomic functions related to metabolism, such as hepatic glucose production. Although insulin can act directly on hepatic tissue to inhibit hepatic glucose production, recent evidence implicates that central actions of insulin within PVN also regulate glucose metabolism.
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