High incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus in a single-centre study.

Twelve of 29 Saudi patients (41.4%) developed diabetes mellitus following renal transplantation. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus occurred within the first 2 months in eight patients; two others presented with diabetic ketoacidosis associated with severe infections. The diabetic and non-diabetic patients had received similar doses of prednisolone and cyclosporin (CsA) during the initial 2 months post-transplantation, and their mean CsA blood values at 3 months were not significantly different. Increasing patient age (over 40 years), but not sex, donor source, or body mass index, was associated with an increased risk for developing diabetes mellitus. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus was controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents in most patients, but one-third required insulin. Patients who developed diabetes had significantly decreased mean creatinine clearance/1.73 m2 at a mean graft age of 3.4 years (P less than 0.001). Diabetes mellitus after transplantation may be more common among Saudi patients than elsewhere, especially those aged over 40 years. It develops rapidly, may present with ketosis, and is associated with graft dysfunction.