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Exploration of the reactivities of homemade binary pyrotechnics.
Sci Rep
November 2024
College of Forensic Science, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, 110854, China.
Understanding the properties of explosives is the basis for investigating and analyzing explosion cases. To date, due to the strict legal control of standard explosives and initiators, homemade pyrotechnics composed of oxidizers and fuels have become popular explosive sources of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) threatening greatly social stability and personal safety. The reactivity of pyrotechnics strongly depends on their intrinsic characteristics and operating conditions, which determine the efficiencies of heat and mass transfer between the reaction zone and the unreacted zone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF8-Hy-droxy-quinolinium tri-chlorido-(pyridine-2,6-di-carb-oxy-lic acid-κ ,,')copper(II) dihydrate.
Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun
September 2024
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 100125, M. Ulugbek Str. 83, Tashkent, 700125, Uzbekistan.
The title compound, (CHNO)[CuCl(CHNO)]·2HO, was prepared by reacting Cu acetate dihydrate, solid 8-hy-droxy-quinoline (8-HQ), and solid pyridine-2,6-di-carb-oxy-lic acid (Hpydc), in a 1:1:1 molar ratio, in an aqueous solution of dilute hydro-chloric acid. The Cu atom exhibits a distorted CuONCl octa-hedral geometry, coordinating two oxygen atoms and one nitro-gen atom from the tridentate Hpydc ligand and three chloride atoms; the nitro-gen atom and one chloride atom occupy the axial positions with Cu-N and Cu-Cl bond lengths of 2.011 (2) Å and 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimization Role of Potassium Carbonate in the Leaching of Guizhou's Carlin-Type Gold Ore System with Potassium Chlorate.
ACS Omega
September 2024
College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.
This study addresses the environmental pollution and safety hazards associated with the cyanide leaching process in gold mining, proposing a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective potassium chlorate leaching method. The feasibility of this method was verified through thermodynamic analysis. Building upon single-factor experiments, the study utilized a response surface methodology to investigate the effects of potassium chlorate dosage, liquid-to-solid ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction pH on leaching efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanistic Insights into Chloric Acid Production by Hydrolysis of Chlorine Trioxide at an Air-Water Interface.
J Am Chem Soc
July 2024
Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
Chlorine oxides play crucial roles in ozone depletion, and the final oxidation steps of chlorine oxide potentially result in the formation of chloric acid (HClO) or perchloric acid (HClO). Herein, the solvation and reactive uptake of three stable isomers of chlorine trioxide (ClO), namely, ClOCl(O)O, ClClO, and ClOOOCl, at the air-water interface were investigated using classical and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) coupled with advanced free energy methods. Two distinct mechanisms were revealed for the hydrolysis of ClOCl(O)O and ClClO: molecular and ionic mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHighly Sensitive, Easy-to-Use, One-Step Detection of Peroxide-, Nitrate- and Chlorate-Based Explosives with Electron-Rich Ni Porphyrins.
J Am Chem Soc
May 2024
Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto Hahn Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
Homemade explosives, such as peroxides, nitrates, and chlorates, are increasingly abused by terrorists, criminals, and amateur chemists. The starting materials are easily accessible and instructions on how to make the explosives are described on the Internet. Safety considerations raise the need to detect these substances quickly and in low concentrations using simple methods.
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