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How should the advancement of large language models affect the practice of science?
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany.
Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly incorporated into scientific workflows. However, we have yet to fully grasp the implications of this integration. How should the advancement of large language models affect the practice of science? For this opinion piece, we have invited four diverse groups of scientists to reflect on this query, sharing their perspectives and engaging in debate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNavigating Dementia and Delirium: Balancing Identity and Interests in Advance Directives.
Nurs Philos
January 2025
Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
The moral authority of advance directives (ADs) in the context of persons living with dementia (PLWD) has sparked a multifaceted debate, encompassing concerns such as authenticity and the appropriate involvement of caregivers. Dresser critiques ADs based on Parfit's account of numeric personal identity, using the often-discussed case of a PLWD called Margo. She claims that dementia leads to a new manifestation of Margo emerging, which then contracts pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The field of formal nursing ethics has evolved significantly over 30 years, with a marked increase in publications and diversity in geographical contributions, moving beyond North American roots.
- There has been a shift in research methodologies from a philosophical approach to a greater emphasis on empirical research, particularly quantitative studies.
- Key topics of focus have emerged, including moral distress, ethical climate, and ethics education, prompting discussions on future directions for nursing ethics scholarship.
The New-Meaning Objection: A Reply to Nicolò D'Agruma.
Cogn Sci
January 2025
Africa Institute for Research in Economics and Social Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University.
In our paper, "The reference of proper names" (2018), we raised and rebutted the "New-Meaning" objection to our methodology. Our rebuttal rested on theoretical considerations and experimental results. In "Do the Gödel vignettes involve a new descriptivist meaning?", Nicolò D'Agruma provides an interesting argument against our theoretical considerations (but does not address the experimental evidence).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScoping review of registration of observational studies finds inadequate registration policies, increased registration, and a debate converging towards pro-registration.
J Clin Epidemiol
January 2025
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Objective: We aimed to examine a) the policies of national and international clinical trial registries regarding observational studies; b) the time-trends of observational study registration; c) the published arguments for and against observational study registration.
Study Design And Setting: Scoping review of registry practices and published arguments. We searched the websites and databases of all 19 members of the World Health Organization's Registry Network to identify policies relating to observational studies and the number of observational studies registered annually from the beginning of the registries to 2022.
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