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Effectiveness and safety of biosimilars in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: an observational longitudinal study on the French National Health Data System.
World J Pediatr
January 2025
EPI-PHARE, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM) and French National Health Insurance (CNAM), 143-147 Boulevard Anatole France, 93285, Saint-Denis, France.
Background: Data on biosimilar use in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are scarce compared to the status of studies in adults, resulting in limitations in its treatment. We compared effectiveness and safety of biosimilars versus originators in this population.
Methods: We used data from the French National Health Data System to identify children (less than 18 years old at treatment initiation) initiating treatment with a biosimilar or the originator infliximab or adalimumab for Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), from first biosimilar launch (January 2015 and October 2018, respectively) to 31 December 2022.
The Asgard archaeal origins of Arf family GTPases involved in eukaryotic organelle dynamics.
Nat Microbiol
January 2025
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
The evolution of eukaryotes is a fundamental event in the history of life. The closest prokaryotic lineage to eukaryotes, the Asgardarchaeota, encode proteins previously found only in eukaryotes, providing insight into their archaeal ancestor. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by endomembrane organelles, and the Arf family GTPases regulate organelle dynamics by recruiting effector proteins to membranes upon activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCushing syndrome.
Nat Rev Dis Primers
January 2025
Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Cushing syndrome (CS) is a constellation of signs and symptoms caused by excessive exposure to exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. Endogenous CS is caused by increased cortisol production by one or both adrenal glands (adrenal CS) or by elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from a pituitary tumour (Cushing disease (CD)) or non-pituitary tumour (ectopic ACTH secretion), which stimulates excessive cortisol production. CS is associated with severe multisystem morbidity, including impaired cardiovascular and metabolic function, infections and neuropsychiatric disorders, which notably reduce quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetermination of the Zebrafish Embryo Developmental Toxicity Assessment (ZEDTA) as an Alternative Non-Mammalian Approach for the Safety Assessment of Agrochemicals.
Reprod Toxicol
January 2025
Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK. Electronic address:
With the US Environment Protection Agency reducing requests for (and funding of) mammalian studies alongside the proposed elimination of requests by 2035, there is an urgent need for fully validated New Approach Methods (NAMs) to fill the resultant gap for safety assessment of agrochemicals. One promising NAM for assessing the potential for human prenatal developmental toxicity potential is the Zebrafish Embryo Developmental Toxicity Assessment, a bioassay that has been used by the pharmaceutical industry for more than a decade in early-stage drug safety assessment. Despite its promise, little data has been generated to assess the validity of ZEDTA for assessing Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of new agrochemical products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating script concordance tests (SCTs) through the lens of Bayesian reasoning: Enhancing assessment in medical education.
J Epidemiol Popul Health
January 2025
Service de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie, Economie de la Santé et Prévention, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; UMR1167 RIDAGE, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France. Electronic address:
Background: Script Concordance Tests (SCTs) represent an innovative assessment method which have been introduced in the 2024 French National Ranking Examinations (EDN). These tests compare a student's clinical reasoning with that of a panel of experts under conditions of uncertainty. Typically, the question involves the impact of new information on an initially proposed hypothesis, with answers given on a Likert scale.
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