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Experimental and DFT Studies of Intermolecular Interaction-Assisted Oxindole Cyclization Reaction of Di-t-butyl 2-Aminophenyl-2-methyl Malonate.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)
January 2025
Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
Density functional theory calculations on the cyclization of di-t-butyl 2-(2-aminophenyl)-2-methyl malonate (1) to t-butyl 3-methyloxindole-3-carboxylate (2) reveal that acetic acid-assisted protonation of the carbonyl oxygen atom reduces the activation Gibbs free energy significantly lower than methanol-assisted pathways. Experimental data confirm that reaction concentration plays a pivotal role in oxindole formation. Experimental results also indicate distinct reaction mechanisms at low and high concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo NADPH-dependent 2-ketogluconate reductases involved in 2-ketogluconate assimilation in sp. strain CHM43.
Appl Environ Microbiol
January 2025
Joint Degree Program of Kasetsart University and Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
Unlabelled: Incomplete oxidation of glucose by sp. strain CHM43 produces gluconic acid and then 2- or 5-ketogluconic acid. Although 2-keto-D-gluconate (2KG) is a valuable compound, it is sometimes consumed by itself via an unknown metabolic pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPotential induction of apoptosis and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in Aedes mosquitoes by Streptomyces-derived ethyl acetate extract.
Trop Biomed
December 2024
Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The use of Streptomyces secondary metabolites for mosquito control has recently received positive attention. Accordingly, this study was performed to elucidate the cellular, genomic and biochemical responses of Aedes mosquitoes to Streptomyces sp. KSF103 ethyl acetate (EA) extract, a mixture previously characterized for its potential bioactivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReductive acetogenesis is a dominant process in the ruminant hindgut.
Microbiome
January 2025
Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Background: The microbes residing in ruminant gastrointestinal tracts play a crucial role in converting plant biomass to volatile fatty acids, which serve as the primary energy source for ruminants. This gastrointestinal tract comprises a foregut (rumen) and hindgut (cecum and colon), which differ in structures and functions, particularly with respect to feed digestion and fermentation. While the rumen microbiome has been extensively studied, the cecal microbiome remains much less investigated and understood, especially concerning the assembling microbial communities and overriding pathways of hydrogen metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGinsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a bioactive compound predominantly found in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.
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