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Alignment of mosaic gratings is traditionally supported by two interferometric verifications: on the zero order to verify the grating surfaces and on the blaze to verify the groove direction. In the case of low frequency echelle grating an interferometric measurement on the zero order is hardly feasible due to extremely low contrast of the fringes. The complete alignment has then to be carried out on high order (close to the blaze) where the two misalignment errors (the tip and rotation) show the same effect on the interferogram.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
November 2023
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA.
UV-vis spectroscopy is widely used for kinetic studies in physical chemistry, as species' absolute cross-sections are usually less sensitive to experimental conditions (i.e., temperature and pressure).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe high latitude, lobe regions of the magnetosphere are often assumed to contain cool, low energy plasma populations. However, during periods of northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field, energetic plasma populations have occasionally been observed. We present three cases when Cluster observed uncharacteristically "hot" plasma populations in the lobe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalyst
May 2021
Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Amsterdam School for Heritage, Memory and Material Culture, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94552, 1091 GN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Many organic compounds undergo changes under the influence of light. This might be beneficial in, for example, water purification, but undesirable when cultural-heritage objects fade or when food ingredients (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dairy Sci
January 2021
Livestock Production and Welfare Group, University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camden 2570, Australia.
Mammalian vocalizations can encode contextual information in both the spectrographic components of their individual vocal units and in their temporal organization. Here we observed 23 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows immediately after birth during interactions with their calf and when their calf was separated to the other side of a fence line. We investigated whether the vocalizations emitted in these postpartum contexts would vary temporally.
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