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Upper airways (UA) include the nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx, and its main function is to warm and filter the inspired air. UA dysfunction is in the pathogenesis of various disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and vocal cord dysfunction. In addition, in some neurodegenerative diseases (e.

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Stroke in the elderly has more major differences compared to young people. The first cause remains the atherothrombosis disease associated to the following risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, tobacco consumption. Lipohyalinosis of perforating arteries linked to blood hypertension inducing lacunar infarcts and atrial fibrillation are the 2nd and 3rd causes linked to age.

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Disease severity and progression in progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: validation of the NNIPPS--Parkinson Plus Scale.

PLoS One

December 2011

Département de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, UPMC Pharmacologie, Paris 6, UMR 7211, Paris, France.

Background: The Natural History and Neuroprotection in Parkinson Plus Syndromes (NNIPPS) study was a large phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial of riluzole in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP, n = 362) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA, n = 398). To assess disease severity and progression, we constructed and validated a new clinical rating scale as an ancillary study.

Methods And Findings: Patients were assessed at entry and 6-montly for up to 3 years.

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[Assessment of dysarthria and dysphagia in ALS patients].

Rev Neurol (Paris)

April 2006

Fédération ORL, CHU La Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5.

Swallowing and speech disorders are the dramatic consequences of bulbar and pseudo-bulbar syndrome in ALS. Evaluation is necessary to guide speech therapy and to measure the effects of treatment. This article revues the different examinations used to assess bulbar and pseudobulbar involvement in an ALS patient: oromotor assessment, evaluation of the functions with self assessment, perceptive and objective evaluation of speech disorders, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of dysphagia (FEES) and videofluoroscopy.

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An unusually high frequency of atypical Parkinson syndrome has been delineated over the last 5 years in the French West Indies. Postural instability with early falls, prominent frontal lobe dysfunction and pseudo-bulbar palsy were common and three-quarters of the patients were L-dopa unresponsive. One-third of all patients seen had probable progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

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