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Contextual cues facilitate dynamic value encoding in the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Curr Biol
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:
Adaptive behavior in a dynamic environmental context often requires rapid revaluation of stimuli that deviates from well-learned associations. The divergence between stable value-encoding and appropriate behavioral output remains a critical component of theories of dopamine's function in learning, motivation, and motor control. Yet, how dopamine neurons are involved in the revaluation of cues when the world changes, to alter our behavior, remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom the lab to the clinic: Advancing pain exposure using principles of functional analysis.
Curr Opin Psychol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.
In this article, we use the example of pain exposure therapy to illustrate how behavioral pain treatments can be systematically personalized following the principles of functional analysis. Based on the fear-avoidance model, pain exposure therapy has evolved as a mechanistically-based treatment to modify the mechanism of avoidance learning with the aim to reduce disability levels. We first present experimental evidence on avoidance learning from a general psychological perspective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortical beta power reflects the influence of Pavlovian cues on human decision-making.
J Neurosci
December 2024
Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
Reward-predictive cues can affect decision-making by enhancing instrumental responses towards the same (Specific transfer) or similar (General transfer) rewards. The main theories on cue-guided decision-making consider Specific transfer as driven by the activation of previously learned instrumental actions induced by cues sharing the sensory-specific properties of the reward they are associated with. However, to date, such theoretical assumption has never been directly investigated at the neural level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPavlovian theory and the development of traditional Chinese medicine, 1949-1961.
Hist Philos Life Sci
December 2024
School of Marxism, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the leadership of the new country carried out a political, cultural, and scientific campaign to "comprehensively learn from the Soviet Union," with the goal of rapid development on all fronts. In the realm of medicine, this had profound consequences. The hegemonic Soviet theory of physiology and psychology-Pavlovianism-became highly influential in China, first as Party Line and second as the basis for a reformed "traditional Chinese medicine".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of expectancy in Pavlovian conditioning.
Psychol Rev
December 2024
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales.
A review of Pavlovian conditioning in animals and humans reveals a critical role for expectancy in the learning of an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US), as well as in the expression of this association in a conditioned response (CR). The automatic and involuntary nature of CRs has traditionally been explained in terms of the formation of excitatory or inhibitory links between representations of the CS and US. However, this view has difficulty accounting for the variety of CRs that are observed, some qualitatively different from those elicited by the US, depending on the imminence of the predicted US and the nature of the CS.
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