Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is released both by neural endings and lymphocytes. Aim of our investigation was to study the effects of immunosuppressive therapy on VIP plasma concentrations. The research has been performed on 10 heart transplanted patients assuming cyclosporine (CYCL) and prednisone (PRED). The circulating T lymphocyte subsets, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA) and plasma cortisol (PC) have been also assayed. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) have been monitored over a 24-hour period to detect whether circulating VIP in heart transplanted patients is influenced by pharmacologically-induced interactions. Seriate samplings along the 24-hour span have been performed. Mean values of ANP, PRA and PA were increased, while VIP, PC and T lymphocyte subsets were decreased in heart transplanted patients as compared to clinically healthy subjects. ANOVA and Cosinor analysis showed, respectively, a statistically significant 24-hour variability and circadian rhythm for all the investigated variables only in normal subjects. BP and HR circadian rhythm in heart transplanted patients suggest that the adrenergic activity regulating the cardiovascular system is restored. This finding argues that the reduction in VIP plasma concentrations is likely due to the decreased lymphocyte production secondary to immunosuppressive therapy, or can also be ascribed to the inhibiting action of high circulating levels of ANP.
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