We investigated the labeling and content of plasticizers of soft plastic toys. First, we investigated material labeling in 96 products purchased in fiscal years 2000 and 2001. Among these products, 43% of those purchased in fiscal 2000 and 68% of those purchased in fiscal 2001 were labeled. We then investigated the kinds and amounts of plasticizers in 73 soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) toys. Three kinds of phthalates and six other kinds of plasticizers were detected in the soft PVC toys. Diisononyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisononyl adipate, and O-acetyl tributyl citrate were detected at high frequency, and in large amounts. The average total content of all plasticizers was 280 mg/g for the products purchased in fiscal 2000 and 227 mg/g for those in fiscal 2001. In fiscal 2001, antioxidants, 4-nonylphenol, and bisphenol A were investigated in addition to plasticizers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.44.168 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
Objective: To model future use of chiropractic services and predict clinical resource needs within the Veterans Health Administration (VA) over the next 5 years.
Methods: A serial cross-sectional analysis of chiropractic use data from VA's Corporate Data Warehouse for fiscal years (FY) 2017 through 2022 (10/1/2016-9/30/2022). We calculated the proportion of VA chiropractic users-via care provided on-station and/or purchased from Community Care Network (CCN) providers-compared to overall VA healthcare users for each FY.
JAMA Dermatol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Importance: There is growing awareness of the US health sector's substantial contribution to the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exacerbating the health threats from climate change. Reducing health care's environmental impact requires understanding its carbon emissions, but there are few published audits of health systems and fewer comprehensive emissions analyses at the clinic or department level.
Objective: To quantify the annual GHG emissions from a large outpatient dermatology practice, compare relative sources of emissions, and identify actionable targets.
J Health Organ Manag
November 2024
Department of Health System, Pakistan Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the challenges in financing the healthcare system of Pakistan and develop a comprehensive health financing strategy aimed at achieving universal health coverage (UHC).
Design/methodology/approach: The paper utilizes World Health Organization (WHO) framework on health financing to build the argument. It uses qualitative research design involving focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including Federal Board of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Planning Commission, development partners, academia and health ministries at federal and provincial levels, as well as social health insurance entities.
Heliyon
November 2024
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, 550025, Guiyang, China.
Many developing countries use tax reform as a strategy to support national or regional development. China's tax reform of the Hainan Free Trade Port in 2025 serves this purpose. The reform replaces the existing VAT, consumption tax, vehicle purchase tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, and education fee ("four taxes and one fee") with a sales tax.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
October 2024
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Introduction: The current financing of public-sector district hospitals in India relies on historical budget allocations rather than actual utilization or healthcare needs. We utilized empirical data on healthcare delivery costs to develop the financing framework for these hospitals using a blended payment approach.
Methods: The primary data on cost of delivering services in 27 district hospitals across nine states of India was analysed along with indicators influencing the demand and supply of health services.
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