Objective: The primary goal was to test the validity of digital photography for measuring food portion sizes compared with weighed foods and with direct visual estimation.
Samples: A total of 60 test meals consisting of 10 different portion sizes from six different university cafeteria menus were prepared and weighed.
Design: Food selections and plate waste, as estimated by digital photography and direct visual estimation, were compared with weighed foods. For each method, three observers independently estimated portion sizes of each food. Observers expressed the portion sizes as a percentage of a standard serving. These percentages were multiplied by the weight of the standard portion to yield estimated weights. Statistical analyses To test validity, the estimates of food weights derived from both methods were compared with weighed foods using correlations and were compared with each other using Bland-Altman regression analysis.
Results: For the digital photography and direct visual estimation methods, estimates of the portion sizes for food selections, plate waste, and food intake were highly correlated with weighed foods. Both methods tended to yield small overestimates or underestimates. Bland-Altman regression found the two estimation methods to yield comparable results (bias less than 1.5 g).
Applications/conclusions: These findings support the validity of the digital photography method for measuring portion sizes. Digital photography may be most useful for measuring food intake in settings that allow for the direct observation of food selections and plate waste but require minimum disruption of the eating environment, and allow unhurried estimates of portion sizes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(03)00974-x | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
With the rapid development of blockchain technology, fraudulent activities have significantly increased, posing a major threat to the personal assets of blockchain users. The blockchain transaction network formed during user transactions can be represented as a graph consisting of nodes and edges, making it suitable for a graph data structure. Fraudulent nodes in the transaction network are referred to as anomalous nodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
January 2025
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the associations between dietary polyamine intake and incident T2DM.
Methods: This prospective analysis included 168,137 participants from the UK Biobank who did not have T2DM at baseline. Dietary polyamines were calculated based on portion sizes of food items and a nutrient database.
Foods
January 2025
Research Institute for Business and Social Processes, Faculty of Economics and Management, Rezekne Academy of Technologies, LV-4601 Rezekne, Latvia.
Food waste (FW) threatens food security, environmental sustainability, and economic efficiency, with about one-third of global food production lost or wasted. Schools play a crucial role in addressing FW, representing lost resources and missed educational opportunities. The present research assessed three interventions to reduce plate waste (PW) in Rezekne City schools, namely (S1) a plate waste tracker, (S2) an awareness and educational campaign, and (S3) organizational changes, including larger plates, extended lunch breaks, and teacher supervision.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
January 2025
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, nam. Cs Legii 565, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
The particle size-dependent processes of structural relaxation and crystal growth in amorphous nifedipine were studied by means of non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman microscopy. The enthalpy relaxation was described in terms of the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan model, with the relaxation motions exhibiting the activation energy of 279 kJ·mol for the temperature shift, but with a significantly higher value of ~500 kJ·mol being obtained for the rapid transition from the glassy to the undercooled liquid state (the latter is in agreement with the activation energy of the viscous flow). This may suggest different types of relaxation kinetics manifesting during slow and rapid heating, with only a certain portion of the relaxation motions occurring that are dependent on the parameters of a given temperature range and time frame.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
The molecular chains of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) show breakage during daily use, causing poor crystallization and leading to mechanical properties that, when blended with the nucleating agent, become an effective method of solving this problem. The salt-nucleating agent sodium benzoate (SB), disodium terephthalate (DT), and trisodium 1,3,5benzene tricarboxylic (TBT) were synthesized, and an rPET/nucleating agent blend was prepared. The intrinsic viscosity () results showed that the of the rPET/SB was decreased, which indicated the breakage of the rPET molecular chains.
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