Oil-in-water emulsions varying in surfactant concentration and manufacturing process were prepared. About 10 experiments were performed to characterize them. The goal of this research was to find out which tests should systematically be carried out to assess efficiently the stability and the properties of an emulsified preparation. Thus, formulation design requires at least the measurement of the droplet size, the determination of the zeta potential, a TurbiScan analysis, the investigation of the stability under centrifugation and freeze/thaw cycles. If the emulsion contains an active substance, stability under storage at 4 degrees C and microscopic analysis are relevant. Quality control should be improved by measurements of viscosity and pH.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00364-8 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea.
Liquid metals (LMs), i.e., metals and alloys that exist in a liquid state at room temperature, have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their electronic and rheological properties useful in various cutting-edge technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
The use of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) in drug delivery systems offers the advantages of enhancing drug efficacy and minimizing side effects; In this study, L-threonine polyurethane (LTPU) NPs have been fabricated by water-in-oil-in-water emulsion and solvent evaporation using biodegradable and biocompatible LTPU. This polymer was pre-synthesized through the use of an amino acid-based chain extender, desaminotyrosyl L-threonine hexyl ester (DLTHE), where urethane bonds are formed by poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA) triblock copolymer and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). LTPU is designed to be degraded by hydrolysis and enzymatic activity due to the presence of ester bonds and peptide bonds within the polymer backbone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
January 2025
Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Emulsifiers with antioxidant properties, such as protein/polyphenol complexes, adsorb at the oil-water interface and improve the physical and oxidative stability of emulsions. Here, 2% (/) sodium caseinate and varying concentrations of phloretin (0-10 mM) were used to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Control emulsions with protein alone showed poor stability with increased droplet sizes from 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes significant economic losses, prompting vaccination as a primary control strategy. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising candidates for FMD vaccines but require adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a VLP-based vaccine with a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion adjuvant, named WT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGels
January 2025
Department of Instrumental and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
This study investigates the development and comprehensive characterization of innovative thermoresponsive gels incorporating rosemary essential oil (RoEO) encapsulated in poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles, with a focus on their potential applications in topical antimicrobial and wound healing therapies. RoEO, renowned for its robust antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties, was subjected to detailed chemical profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified oxygenated monoterpenes as its dominant constituents. PLGA microparticles were synthesized through an optimized oil-in-water emulsion technique, ensuring high encapsulation efficiency and structural integrity.
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