AI Article Synopsis
- Recent developments in specific immunotherapy have focused on noninjectable methods, like oral or nasal routes, to minimize side effects seen with injections.
- Evidence supports the clinical effectiveness of these methods, but more research is needed on how they work in the body.
- Studies involving the allergen from Parietaria judaica show that while most of the allergen is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, some remains in the mucosal area for a significant duration, which could help refine treatment protocols.
Article Abstract
Specific immunotherapy performed by noninjectable (oral, nasal or oromucosal) routes was mostly developed in the last 20 years with the main aim to avoid side effects that occasionally occur in the course of injectable immunotherapy. Although evidence of its clinical efficacy has been provided some pharmacokinetics aspects are still to be elucidated. In this review we discuss experimental findings of mucosal processing, biodistribution in healthy or allergic humans of 123I-labelled major allergen of Parietaria judaica (the most important cause of seasonal allergy in the Mediterranean area) administered by sublingual or nasal routes. The results available to date show that most allergen administered by mucosal route is absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract; however, a proportion is retained at the mucosal level for a relatively long time. These data are potentially useful to improve immunotherapy treatment protocols by noninjectable routes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000071538 | DOI Listing |
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