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Structure of the human autophagy factor EPG5 and the molecular basis of its conserved mode of interaction with Atg8-family proteins.
Autophagy
January 2025
Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
The multi-step macroautophagy/autophagy process ends with the cargo-laden autophagosome fusing with the lysosome to deliver the materials to be degraded. The metazoan-specific autophagy factor EPG5 plays a crucial role in this step by enforcing fusion specificity and preventing mistargeting. How EPG5 exerts its critical function and how its deficiency leads to diverse phenotypes of the rare multi-system disorder Vici syndrome are not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Dual-Color Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Assay to Measure Endocytic Trafficking of Surface Proteins.
Methods Mol Biol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Many membrane proteins on the cell surface are constantly internalized from, and re-delivered to, the plasma membrane. This endocytic cycling, which relies on accurate SNARE-mediated fusion of vesicles containing cargo proteins, is highly important for the function of many proteins such as signaling receptors. While the SNARE proteins that mediate fusion during specific events, such as neurotransmitter and hormone release, in mammalian cells has been heavily studied, the SNARE proteins that mediate surface delivery of specific cargo such as the receptors for these released factors are still not known.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFValosin-containing protein (VCP), a component of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, impairs the barrier integrity of brain microvascular endothelial cells.
BBA Adv
December 2024
University of São Paulo, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
Metastases are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and their origin is not fully elucidated. Recently, studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small extracellular vesicles (sEV), can disrupt the homeostasis of organs, promoting the development of a secondary tumor. However, the role of sEV in brain endothelium and their association with metastasis related to breast cancer is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Cord Blood Plasma and Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Sepsis is a risk factor associated with increasing neonatal morbidity and mortality, acute lung injury, and chronic lung disease. While stem cell therapy has shown promise in alleviating acute lung injury, its effects are primarily exerted through paracrine mechanisms rather than local engraftment. Accumulating evidence suggests that these paracrine effects are mediated by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which play a critical role in immune system modulation and tissue regeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlacental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP): Is it exclusively placental?
Placenta
January 2025
Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Adverse pregnancies outcomes present a clinical dilemma in Perinatal medicine. This is partly due to lack of accuracy of current biomarkers to predict high-risk pregnancies at an earlier stage. The placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) carrying extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their cargo have been reported as a source of biomarkers for placental health and an indication of pre-eclampsia progression.
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