Significant progress has been made in preventing transmission of HIV-1 from mother to infant. With combination antiretroviral therapies, transmission rates lower than 2% have been achieved in clinical studies. Abbreviated regimens covering labour and the first few days of neonatal life have shown considerable promise in the developing world. Several questions and challenges remain, however. These include choice of the optimal antiretroviral agent(s) and duration of the regimens, availability of antiretroviral agents in developing countries, long-term safety of antiretrovirals during pregnancy and early neonatal life and the problem of breastfeeding transmission in countries where alternatives to breastfeeding are not available. A wider array of strategies for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 during breastfeeding, including passive and active immunisation, may offer much needed answers to the problem of continued HIV transmission from mother to infant.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.12.9.1535 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Viral Oncogenesis: Synergistic Role of Genome Integration and Persistence.
Viruses
December 2024
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy.
Persistence is a strategy used by many viruses to evade eradication by the immune system, ensuring their permanence and transmission within the host and optimizing viral fitness. During persistence, viruses can trigger various phenomena, including target organ damage, mainly due to an inflammatory state induced by infection, as well as cell proliferation and/or immortalization. In addition to immune evasion and chronic inflammation, factors contributing to viral persistence include low-level viral replication, the accumulation of viral mutants, and, most importantly, maintenance of the viral genome and reliance on viral oncoprotein production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTracing the Dispersal Pathway of HIV-1 Subtype C to Bahia: Phylogenetic Connections to Southern Brazil.
Viruses
December 2024
Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.
The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil is predominantly characterized by subtype B, except in the southern states, where subtype C (HIV-1C) is more prevalent. Continuous monitoring of this profile is essential to maintain an accurate understanding of the molecular landscape of the HIV epidemic in Brazil. In this study, we isolated and sequenced seven new HIV-1C strains from the state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region of Brazil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirulence and Replicative Fitness of HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder (T/F) Viruses Harbouring Drug Resistance-Associated Mutation.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Virology & Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600031, India.
The biological characteristics of early transmitted/founder (T/F) variants are crucial factors for viral transmission and constitute key determinants for the development of better therapeutics and vaccine strategies. The present study aimed to generate T/F viruses and to characterize their biological properties. For this purpose, we constructed 18 full-length infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV from recently infected infants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs San Diego California on Track to Reach HCV Elimination? A Modeling Analysis of Combination Prevention Strategies.
Viruses
November 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
In 2020, the in the county of San Diego (COSD) was launched, a private-public joint endeavor between the COSD and the American Liver Foundation. We use epidemic modeling to assess whether the COSD is on track to reach its elimination targets (80% reduction in incidence, 65% reduction in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related mortality by 2030 compared to 2015) and what intervention scale-up may be required. We adapted a previously developed dynamic, deterministic model of HCV transmission and disease progression among adults in the COSD, stratified by risk, age, gender, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks.
Microorganisms
December 2024
Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain.
Monkeypox (Mpox) is an infectious disease caused by the Mpox virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family and has been declared by the WHO as a global health emergency owing to its rapid spread during 2022 and 2023. All patients diagnosed with Mpox who were confirmed by PCR between July 2022 and April 2023 were included in this study. In total, 405 patients in whom clade 2 was identified were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!