Audiometric hearing tests were conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester at the beginning of the 1930s. The list price for one of its audiometers at that time was 3,500 dollars, which translates into approximately 37,000 dollars in 2003 currency. Physicians and residents in training were responsible for conducting hearing tests in the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1940s a registered nurse was trained as an audiometrist to assist for some of the audiometric testing. The first "consulting audiologist" at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester was hired in 1949, early in the development of audiology as a profession. Growth in demand for audiologic services for larger numbers of patients and in the variety of services provided to them led to marked increases in personnel, space, and specialization over the years.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a major neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1 in 36 children in the United States. While neurons have been the focus to understand ASD, an altered neuro-immune response in the brain may be closely associated with ASD, and a neuro-immune interaction could play a role in the disease progression. As the resident immune cells of the brain, microglia regulate brain development and homeostasis via core functions including phagocytosis of synapses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of CSF GAP-43 With the Rate of Cognitive Decline and Progression to Dementia in Amyloid-Positive Individuals.
Neurology
January 2023
From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (A.Ö., A.L.B., N.J.A., H.K., H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (N.J.A.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A., H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.K., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Fujirebio Europe NV (M.V.), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA; Departments of Radiology (M.W.W.), Medicine (M.W.W.), Psychiatry (M.W.W.) and Neurology (M.W.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.Q.T., L.M.S.), Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London; and Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to identify the relationship between presynaptic growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and various Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers, using a retrospective analysis of the AD Neuroimaging Initiative cohort.
- Results showed that participants with Aβ-positive status had higher GAP-43 levels regardless of cognitive impairment, and those with high levels of GAP-43 experienced worsened brain metabolism, atrophy, and cognitive decline over time.
- Furthermore, Aβ-positive individuals with elevated GAP-43 levels were at significantly higher risk of progressing to AD dementia, indicating a potential role for GAP-43 as a predictor for AD progression.
Technology Implementation and Associated Pharmacy Interruptions.
AMIA Annu Symp Proc
August 2020
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
This study focuses on interruptions in an inpatient pharmacy setting and the impact of CPOE implementation on the types, frequency, and duration of interruptions. A cross-sectional observation study of pharmacy employees in an inpatient pharmacy was conducted. The independent variables included day of week, time of day, job position of the person interrupted, and description of each interruption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Research examining relationships between social support and smoking cessation has paid little attention to non-treatment seeking smokers and not considered the role of autonomy support for fostering quitting motivation. This study examined if autonomy support received from family and friends was associated with quitting motivation and making a quit attempt among diverse smokers with varying levels of quitting motivation. Demographic characteristics associated with autonomy support were explored.
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