Hypokinesia involves a number of significant biochemical, histochemical, and pathophysiological changes in brain tissues, vessels, and neurocytes, including glucose metabolism disturbances, calcium level violation and transduction in synaptosomes, changes, on the levels of neuroactive amino acids, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation products. All these variations depend on the terms of hypokinesia. It is established that GABA, together with other neuromediators, play an important role in the adaptation process. GABAergic drugs produce effects indicative of the activation of processes leading to compensation and, probably, elimination of the aforementioned negative changes.
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Curr Pain Headache Rep
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Purpose Of Review: Baclofen, a muscle relaxant that reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in the pre-synaptic neurons stimulating inhibitory neuronal signals in post-synaptic neurons, has been around for over 5 decades. Baclofen is used primarily for spasticity and since 1982, has had a role as an intrathecal agent. In the present investigation, we review research trends and updates on safety and efficacy of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrials
January 2025
Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol Biochem
December 2024
Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China. Electronic address:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known as plants' mutualists to enhance plant growth, but their impact on the quality-related metabolites in Camellia sinensis still needs to be studied. In this study, the 2-year-old potted C. sinensis cv.
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December 2024
Internal Medicine, Guthrie Lourdes Hospital, Binghamton, USA.
In narcolepsy with cataplexy, sodium oxybate and the recently FDA-approved drug pitolisant are preferred medications. Armodafinil, a longer-acting, non-amphetamine stimulant, is often used in patients who have narcolepsy without cataplexy. It enhances alertness by increasing presynaptic dopamine transmission presynaptically, amplifying serotonin in the cerebral cortex, activating glutamatergic circuits, which may contribute to its vigilance-enhancing properties, and stimulating orexin activity.
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