Changes in conditioned reflex spike activity of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex were studied during microiontophoretic application of agonists and antagonists of glutamate and GABAergic transmission. The results of these experiments showed that the glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPA and NMDA) of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex were intensely activated by the arrival of a conditioned signal in the cortex. This response included not only large pyramidal neurons of the deep cortical layers, but also the surrounding inhibitory interneurons. The existence of constant tonic inhibitory regulation of the activity of large pyramidal neurons by the surrounding inhibitory cells was demonstrated, along with the active involvement of this inhibition in organizing the excitatory responses of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex during a conditioned reflex.
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