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Opioid use and abuse in adolescents and young adults; dealing with science, laws and ethics: Charming the COBRAS.
Dis Mon
January 2025
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
The subject of substance use disorders in the pediatric population remains a disturbing conundrum for clinicians, researchers and society in general. Many of our youth are at risk of being damaged and even killed by drug addictions that result from the collision of rapidly developing as well as vulnerable central nervous systems encountering the current global drug addiction crisis. A major motif of this chemical calamity is opioid use disorder in adolescents and young adults that was stimulated by the 19th century identification of such highly addictive drugs as morphine, heroin and a non-opiate, cocaine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExcipient lung disease with transient severe pulmonary hypertension in a healthcare professional injecting crushed oxycodone tablets.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Excipient lung disease (ELD) is a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension that occurs due to the intravenous injection of crushed tablets. We present the case of a healthcare professional in her late 30s who presented with a fever in the setting of a bacteraemia. During her hospital admission, she established a pattern of transient hypoxia and hypotension, with resolution without targeted management or clear cause identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResting State Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network During Opioid Use and Cessation in Treatment-Seeking Persons.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Resting-state functional connectivity analyses have been used to examine synchrony in neural networks in substance use disorders (SUDs), with the default mode network (DMN) one of the most studied. Prior research has generally found less DMN synchrony during use and greater synchrony during cessation, although little research has utilized this method with opioid use. This study examined resting brain activity in treatment-seeking persons who use opioids at two points-when using opioids and when opioid-free-to determine whether the DMN exhibits different levels of connectivity during opioid use and cessation and whether differences in connectivity predict subsequent relapse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential Effects of Prenatal Buprenorphine and Methadone on Postnatal Growth and Gene Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens.
Dev Psychobiol
January 2025
Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Methadone and buprenorphine are used during pregnancy to help women with opioid use disorder, but babies exposed to these medications may experience neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), affecting their feeding behavior.
- A study involving pregnant female rats showed that offspring exposed to either drug had lower weights compared to those given saline, with buprenorphine offspring maintaining lower weights longer than those exposed to methadone.
- Gene expression analysis indicated that while both drugs had similar effects, methadone-exposed offspring exhibited significantly reduced levels of the gene proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), suggesting different developmental impacts between the two medications.
Methadone clinic staff perceptions of trauma-informed and patient-centered care: the role of individual staff characteristics.
Addict Sci Clin Pract
December 2024
Community Medical Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Background: U.S. policy intervention to increase methadone treatment accommodations during COVID did not result in national adoption of the new patient-centered treatment practices.
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