In the RNA of hyperthermophiles, which grow optimally between 80 degrees C and 106 degrees C, posttranscriptional modification has been identified as a leading mechanism of structural stabilization. Particularly in the Archaeal evolutionary domain these modifications are expressed as a structurally diverse array of modification motifs, many of which include ribose methylation. Using mass spectrometric techniques we have examined the posttranscriptional modifications in unfractionated tRNA from the remarkable organism Pyrolobus fumarii, which grows optimally at 106 degrees C, but up to 113 degrees C (Blöchl et al. (1997), Extremophiles, 1, 14-21). Twenty-six modified nucleosides were detected, 11 of which are methylated in ribose. A new RNA nucleoside, 1,2'-O-dimethylguanosine (m1Gm) was characterized and the structure confirmed by chemical synthesis.
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