The normal value of the absolute CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count is relatively high in normal infants and declines steadily until 6 years of age, whereas the CD4 percentage of the total lymphocyte count is constant. The immunologic categories according to the 1994 revised pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) classification, based on CD4-positive percentage of the total lymphocyte count, is classified into three categories: no evidence of suppression (> or =25%), moderate suppression (15-24%), and severe suppression (1-14%). Our objective was to determine the prevalence of mucocutaneous findings in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related to the degree of immunosuppression. We prospectively examined 120 children less than 13 years of age who were born to HIV-seropositive women and developed definite HIV infection. The prevalence of mucocutaneous findings in those children who had severe, moderate, and no evidence of immunosuppression were 62%, 43%, and 20%, respectively. The mucocutaneous findings in patients in the moderate and severe suppression groups were significantly more common than in patients without evidence of immunosuppression (p < 0.001). In the moderate immunosuppression group, 11% had two mucocutaneous findings while 21% in the severe immunosuppression group had two or more mucocutaneous findings. The most common mucocutaneous finding was oral candidiasis (33%), which had a mean corresponding CD4 percentage of the total lymphocyte count of 11.3%. Herpes zoster was found in 6% of the patients (mean CD4 percentage of the total lymphocyte count = 13.5%). Chronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) stomatitis was found in 3% of the patients (mean CD4 percentage of the total lymphocyte count = 3%). Mucocutaneous manifestations are common in pediatric AIDS. The majority of these findings have an infectious etiology. The prevalence increases as the CD4-positive percentage of the total lymphocyte count decreases. More than one mucocutaneous finding can be found at the same time in patients with moderate or severe immunosuppression.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1470.2003.20401.x | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Lichen planus is a common mucocutaneous disorder that can affect various parts of the body, with its erosive variant typically involving the oral mucosa. This variant rarely affects the skin, and even less commonly, the flexural regions. Here, we present a case of a 14-year-old girl who presented with ulcerated, itchy lesions in the intertriginous areas for one year.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most prevalent viral infections worldwide. In general, host immunity is sufficient to clear viral shedding and recurrences, although it is insufficient to prevent subsequent virologic reactivations. In immunocompromised patients, prolonged and difficult-to-treat HSV infections may develop.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Pakistan; Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7A Block R-3, M.A.Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address:
Introduction: Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, subdivided into three types: unicentric Castleman disease, idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8) associated multicentric Castleman disease. The retroperitoneum comprises only 13 % of the cases.
Case Presentation: We report a case of a 36-year-old female who presented with skin lesions in a dermatology clinic.
J Pharm Health Care Sci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-Cho, Kahoku-Gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
Background: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), a severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction induced particularly by drugs, is diagnosed when there is a fever of ≥ 38 °C, mucocutaneous symptoms, a rash with multiple erythema, and skin peeling of ≥ 30% of the body surface area. The mortality rate of TEN is high, and thrombocytopenia during treatment can lead to severe outcomes. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used when steroids are ineffective in TEN and may improve mortality; however, thrombocytopenia is a rare adverse event associated with IVIg use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Oncol
January 2025
Centre George François Leclerc -1, rue Professeur Marion-21079, Dijon, Cedex, France.
Purpose Of Review: New anticancer drugs often are associated with improved results, such as objective response and disease-free survival. But with these new drugs, patients, caregivers and medical oncologist have to face new toxicities, quite different from the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to share the actual knowledge about these new toxicities.
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