Skin cleansers may be an important adjunct to the regimen of those who use cosmetics, have sensitive or compromised skin, or utilize topical therapies. Cleansers emulsify dirt, oil and microorganisms on the skin surface so that they can be easily removed. During cleansing, there is a complex interaction between the cleanser, the moisture skin barrier, and skin pH. Cleansing, with water soap or a liquid cleanser, will affect the moisture skin barrier. Soap will bring about the greatest changes to the barrier and increase skin pH. Liquid facial cleansers are gentler, effecting less disruption of the barrier, with minimal change to skin pH, and can provide people with a cleanser that is a combination of surfactant classes, moisturizers and acidic pH in order to minimize disruption to the skin barrier.
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Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Mechanisms related to tumor evasion from NK cell-mediated immune surveillance remain enigmatic. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, whose levels correlate with breast cancer progression. We find DKK1 to be expressed by tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in patient samples and orthotopic breast tumors, and in bone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Immunol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China. Electronic address:
NLRX1 is an important regulator of inflammatory signaling in innate immune cells. Recent studies indicate NLRX1 activation may be a novel mechanism for inflammatory diseases, however, it has not been explored in atopic dermatitis (AD). Our study aims to investigate the potential role of NLRX1 in the pathogenesis of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Womens Health
January 2025
Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Corticosteroids are recommended as a first-line treatment for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), a disease that usually occurs in young women. Corticosteroid phobia is a fear of corticosteroids and one of the main reasons for poor treatment compliance. Despite the increasing recognition of corticosteroid phobia, there has been a lack of studies on this issue in IGM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Inflamm Res
January 2025
Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
Purpose: Allergic diseases have escalated to epidemic levels worldwide, impacting nearly 30% of the global population. Fungi are a significant source of allergens responsible for up to 6% of respiratory diseases in the general population. However, the specific cause of respiratory allergies often remains unidentified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic address:
Urban air pollutants, mainly represented by PM containing organic and inorganic substances, can penetrate the human skin and trigger oxidative stress, potentially causing skin barrier damage and aging. κ-Carrageenan oligosaccharides as degradation products of natural sulfated polysaccharide have a great potential for skin moisturization as well as improving oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, κ-carrageenan tetrasaccharide was obtained by enzymatic digestion of κ-carrageenan, and its role in alleviating particulate matter-induced inflammatory response in HaCaT keratinocyte cell line and skin barrier dysfunction was evaluated.
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