[Pseudotumoral thoracic actinomycosis with lung and brain metastases. Apropos of a case. Review of hundred thirty one cases in the literature].

One particular case of thoracic actinomycosis is reported. The patient presented with a neurological picture mimicking a metastasis, as chest radiogram and CT-Scan indicated a primary pulmonary tumor. Diagnosis of actinomycosis was overlooked and final diagnosis was based on direct microscopy of lung tumor, which required a thoracotomy, without any resection. Antibiotic treatment with penicillin was successful as the cerebral lesion was completely cured within 2 months and the thoracic lesion reduced 2/3rd volume within the same delay. The importance of correct handling of tissue specimens and adequate informations to the microbiologist are emphasized. Another point of interest is that good clinical results can be expected from prolonged antibiotic treatment. Surgery must be reserved for diagnosis if no other means has been effective, for failure of medical treatment or for acute complications.