We compared the HIV-1-RNA and CD4 lymphocyte counts from users and non-users of hormonal contraception cross-sectionally upon entry into the Women's Interagency HIV Study, and again longitudinally. There did not appear to be an association between hormonal contraception use and HIV-1-RNA levels in our study. There was a small increase in CD4 cell counts among hormonal users of doubtful clinical significance.
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