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Background: Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence is rising globally, predominantly in high-income countries due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, further data on OPC incidence in Brazil is needed. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, trends, and predictions of OPC in Brazilian population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) by period, sex, and topography.

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Importance: During buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), risk factors for opioid relapse or treatment dropout include comorbid substance use disorder, anxiety, or residual opioid craving. There is a need for a well-powered trial to evaluate virtually delivered groups, including both mindfulness and evidence-based approaches, to address these comorbidities during buprenorphine treatment.

Objective: To compare the effects of the Mindful Recovery Opioid Use Disorder Care Continuum (M-ROCC) vs active control among adults receiving buprenorphine for OUD.

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Factors Associated With Semaglutide Initiation Among Adults With Obesity.

JAMA Netw Open

January 2025

Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.

Importance: Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist medication, was approved for weight management in individuals with obesity in June 2021. There is limited evidence on factors associated with uptake among individuals in this subgroup without diabetes.

Objective: To explore factors associated with semaglutide initiation among a population of commercially insured individuals with obesity but no diagnosed diabetes.

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Use of Albumin-Adjusted Calcium Measurements in Clinical Practice.

JAMA Netw Open

January 2025

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Importance: Using albumin-adjusted calcium is commonly recommended for for measuring calcium, but with little empirical evidence to support the practice.

Objective: To assess the correlation between total calcium measurements (with or without adjustment) vs the ionized calcium level as a reference standard.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a population-based cross-sectional study in the province of Alberta, Canada, including adults tested for serum total calcium and ionized calcium simultaneously between January 1, 2013, and October 31, 2019.

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Age at Menopause and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Korea.

JAMA Netw Open

January 2025

Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Importance: There is limited evidence regarding the association between age at menopause and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: To investigate whether age at menopause and premature menopause are associated with T2D incidence in postmenopausal Korean women.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study was conducted among a nationally representative sample from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database of 1 125 378 postmenopausal women without T2D who enrolled in 2009.

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