Acamprosate for the adjunctive treatment of alcohol dependence.

Objective: To review the literature related to the treatment of alcohol dependence with acamprosate, a synthetic compound structurally similar to the naturally occurring amino acid, homotaurine.

Data Sources: Primary literature and review articles were identified by MEDLINE search (1966-June 2003). Abstracts from recent meetings were also reviewed.

Data Synthesis: Acamprosate has been marketed in 24 countries. Although the precise mechanism of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients is unclear, it may restore the balance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. European trials have shown consistent increases in abstinence rates compared with placebo when acamprosate use was paired with appropriate psychosocial and behavioral therapies. Decreased direct and indirect healthcare costs associated with acamprosate treatment have also been reported.

Conclusions: Acamprosate is a promising medication for the treatment of alcohol dependence in the US.