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Use of Rift Valley Fever Virus Expressing NanoLuc Luciferase for the Assessment of Neutralizing Antibodies and Antivirals.
Methods Mol Biol
December 2024
Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arboviral zoonotic disease affecting many African countries with the potential to spread to other geographical areas. In this chapter we describe the use of a replication-competent recombinant (r)RVFV expressing NanoLuc Luciferase (Nluc) for in vitro studies. The determination of parameters such as neutralizing antibodies in serum samples, or the antiviral activity of drugs is usually carried out using standard assays based on the assessment of cytopathic effect on cell cultures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel replication-competent reporter-expressing Rift Valley fever viruses for molecular studies.
J Virol
December 2024
Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Unlabelled: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that causes severe disease in both domestic and wild ungulates and humans, making it a significant threat to livestock and public health. The RVFV genome consists of three single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments differing in size: small (S), medium (M), and large (L). Segment S encodes the virus nucleoprotein N and the virulence-associated factor non-structural (NSs) protein in opposite orientations, separated by an intergenic region (IGR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeneration of Replication-Competent Hepatitis B Virus Harboring Tagged Polymerase for Visualization and Quantification of the Infection.
Microbiol Immunol
January 2025
Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem causing acute and chronic hepatitis and related diseases. Approximately, 296 million patients have been chronically infected with the virus, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HBV polymerase (HBVpol, pol) plays a pivotal role in HBV replication and must be a definite therapeutic target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection of human coronavirus-OC43 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens via immunofluorescence staining using human serum and an anti-human antibody.
Jpn J Infect Dis
November 2024
Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Immunofluorescence techniques for detecting HCoV-OC43 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens have not been developed before this study.
- A human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HRT-18) was used to analyze specimens from patients, with positive staining in cells for HCoV-OC43 found in nine out of eleven cases where RNA was detected.
- The study suggests that immunofluorescence staining with human serum can successfully identify replicating HCoV-OC43 in specimens, and potentially other viruses, indicating this method could be useful for broader viral detection.
Increased Susceptibility of Bats to Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Despite Its Distinct Tropism for Gut Epithelia in Bats.
Viruses
October 2024
Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Bats are considered the primary hosts for many coronaviruses, particularly Betacoronaviruses, which can cause severe respiratory diseases in humans.
- Research showed that Egyptian fruit bats were more susceptible to respiratory infections (like SARS-CoV-2) compared to oral infections, with significant differences in virus shedding and immune response.
- The study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is likely inactivated in the bats' stomachs, making oral infections less effective, highlighting the unique pathology of coronavirus infections in bats.
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