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The Effect of Sex Hormones on Joint Ligament Properties: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Am J Sports Med
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Sex differences exist in injury rates, and one contributing factor may be sex hormone effects on the musculoskeletal system.
Purpose/hypothesis: The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to understand the effects of sex hormones on ligaments in females as determined by preclinical and clinical studies. The hypothesis was that sex hormones would affect ligament mechanical properties, histological features, cellular function, and clinically measurable outcomes.
Beyond the mono-nucleosome.
Biochem Soc Trans
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA.
Nucleosomes, the building block of chromatin, are responsible for regulating access to the DNA sequence. This control is critical for essential cellular processes, including transcription and DNA replication and repair. Studying chromatin can be challenging both in vitro and in vivo, leading many to use a mono-nucleosome system to answer fundamental questions relating to chromatin regulators and binding partners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced vascular contraction induced by exposure to angiotensin II mediated by endothelin-1 biosynthesis following PKCβ activation.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
January 2025
Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan.
Protein kinase C (PKC) reportedly plays a role in the pathogenesis of many vascular dysfunction-related conditions. In this study, we investigated whether PKCβ is associated with vascular contractile changes induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) exposure. Long-term (24 h) treatment of rat aortae and mesenteric arteries in Ang II-containing culture medium enhanced 5-hydroxytrypatamine (5-HT)-induced vascular contraction in a dose-dependent manner, in association with enhanced phosphorylation of PKCβ S660.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicology dilemmas: issues with dose, causality, response, mixtures, and modifying factors.
Environ Toxicol Chem
January 2025
L.S. McCarty Scientific Research & Consulting, Newmarket, Canada.
Ecotoxicology has model assumptions that are the basis of the discipline's scientific validity and regulatory utility. Using testing data to advance knowledge and practical applications is contingent on assumption validation of underlying models, an uncommon practice. Fundamental components-dose, causality, response-are confounded, as test metrics are each accumulations of a multiplicity of factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSulfilimines: An Underexplored Bioisostere for Drug Design?
J Med Chem
January 2025
Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery & Development Platform & Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
Sulfilimines have so far received little attention as a bioisostere for sulfoxides in the design of biologically active compounds. A recent study on physicochemical and in vitro drug-like properties shows that sulfilimines deserve a place in the medicinal chemist's toolbox.
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