Pulmonary toxicities, with special reference to interstitial pneumonia, due to cancer chemotherapy and/or chest irradiation were reviewed. Two sorts of mechanism of development of the interstitial pneumonia are considered; one is directly cytotoxic action to pneumocytes and/or pulmonary capillary endothelium and the other is an allergic mechanism against anticancer drug or its derivatives. The risk factors of cancer therapy induced interstitial pneumonia are an aged, poor performance status, and underlying interstitial pulmonary diseases. Recently some new serum markers involving KL-6 for interstitial pneumonia have been reported and further studies are needed to clarify whether these markers are predictive of subsequent pulmonary damage by anti-cancer treatments.
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