Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4/immunoglobulin fusion products (CTLA-4Ig), a structural homologue of CD28, has been shown to inhibit cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of an adenovirus vector containing the CTLA-4Ig gene (AdCTLA-4Ig) on recipient survival after hamster-to-rat liver xenografting. AdCTLA-4Ig was administrated intravenously immediately after grafting. Gene expression was achieved a maximum of 7 days after vector injection and continued for more than 4 weeks. The proportion of CD25(+) T-cells in recipient lymph nodes was significantly reduced 7 days after administration of AdCTLA-4Ig, compared to a group given an adenoviral vector containing LacZ gene (AdLacZ) or to an untreated control group. AdCTLA-4Ig markedly reduced CD2(+) T-cell infiltration into the graft and significantly prolonged recipient survival time (9.2+/-4.12 days), compared to the untreated group (5.4+/-0.78 days) (P<0.001) and the AdLacZ-treated group (5.2+/-0.28 days) (P<0.001). These results indicate that a blockade of T-cell co-stimulation by AdCTLA-4Ig inhibited T-cell activation and attenuated CD2(+) T-cell infiltration into the xenograft, resulting in significant prolongation of recipient survival time. Thus, AdCTLA-4Ig therapy may provide a novel approach to immune regulation.
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