AI Article Synopsis
- The differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into various T helper cell subsets is crucial for immune defense and the development of immune-related diseases.
- New research is enhancing our understanding of how this differentiation is controlled, with specific attention to the roles of transcription factors and cytokines.
- TH1 cells focus on fighting intracellular pathogens via IFN-gamma, while TH2 cells are linked to allergic responses and defense against worms through IL-4 production.
Article Abstract
The differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into subsets of T helper cells is a pivotal process with major implications for host defense and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. Though the basic paradigm was discovered more than 15 years ago, new discoveries continue to be made that offer fresh insights into the regulation of this process. T helper (TH)1 cells produce interferon (IFN)-gamma, promoting cell-mediated immunity and control of intracellular pathogens. We now know that TH1 differentiation is regulated by transcription factors such as T-bet, Stat1, and Stat4, as well as cytokines such as IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, type I IFNs, and IFN-gamma. In contrast, TH2 cells produce IL-4, which promotes allergic responses and is important in host defense against helminths. The transcription factors Stat6, GATA-3, c-Maf, NFATs, and the cytokine IL-4 promote TH2 differentiation. These key regulators of TH differentiation are the subject of this review.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1023381027062 | DOI Listing |
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