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Glyceroneogenesis in the hepatopancreas of the crab Neohelice granulata: Diet, starvation and season effects.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol
September 2017
Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:
We determined the activity of glyceroneogenesis from [2-C]-pyruvate, the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, [2-C]-pyruvate oxidation and total lipid levels in the hepatopancreas of the crab Neohelice granulata fed with a carbohydrate-rich (HC) diet or a high-protein (HP) diet and then subjected to 5weeks of starvation, in summer and winter, to determine whether the seasonal adjustments of lipid metabolism to food scarcity are modulated by the composition of the diet previously given to the crabs. The results demonstrated that glyceroneogenesis is an active pathway in N. granulata hepatopancreas, and is regulated by seasonal variations, diet composition and starvation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) helps regulate the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle and development of insulin resistance in mice.
J Lipid Res
June 2010
Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) in the development of insulin resistance. Previous studies have shown that the roles of Pck1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) in glyceroneogenesis and reesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) to generate triglyceride are vital for the prevention of diabetes. We hypothesized that insulin resistance develops when dysregulation of Pck1 occurs in the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle, which regulates lipid synthesis and transport between adipose tissue and the liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTriglyceride synthesis in epididymal adipose tissue: contribution of glucose and non-glucose carbon sources.
J Biol Chem
March 2009
Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
The obesity epidemic has generated interest in determining the contribution of various pathways to triglyceride synthesis, including an elucidation of the origin of triglyceride fatty acids and triglyceride glycerol. We hypothesized that a dietary intervention would demonstrate the importance of using glucose versus non-glucose carbon sources to synthesize triglycerides in white adipose tissue. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low fat, high carbohydrate (HC) diet or a high fat, carbohydrate-free (CF) diet and maintained on 2H2O (to determine total triglyceride dynamics) or infused with [6,6-(2)H]glucose (to quantify the contribution of glucose to triglyceride glycerol).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlyceroneogenesis is the dominant pathway for triglyceride glycerol synthesis in vivo in the rat.
J Biol Chem
October 2008
Departments of Gastroenterology and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. Electronic address:
Triglyceride synthesis in mammalian tissues requires glycerol 3-phosphate as the source of triglyceride glycerol. In this study the relative contribution of glyceroneogenesis and glycolysis to triglyceride glycerol synthesis was quantified in vivo in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver of the rat in response to a chow diet (controls), 48-h fast, and lipogenic (high sucrose) diet. The rate of glyceroneogenesis was quantified using the tritium ([(3)H(2)]O) labeling of body water, and the contribution of glucose, via glycolysis, was determined using a [U-(14)C]glucose tracer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstimates of hepatic glyceroneogenesis in type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans.
Metabolism
March 2008
Schwartz Center for Nutrition and Metabolism, MetroHealth Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
Glyceroneogenesis, that is, formation of triglyceride-glycerol from pyruvate, is a critical component of triglyceride fatty acid cycling in vivo. The quantitative contribution of glyceroneogenesis to triglyceride-glycerol and its hormonal regulation have not been examined in humans. We have quantified the contribution of pyruvate to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the deuterium labeling of body water technique.
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